Approval Details

Valid E.O.

Validity

This Executive Order approved the specified parts on on October 17, 1983.
As of Monday, October 21st, 2024 this Executive Order has not been overturned or superceeded.

Approved Parts

Models
1983 and older model-year gasoline-powered motor vehicles, excluding the following: General Motors Corporation vehicles withan "odd-firing" V6 231 CID engine; Vehicles powered by a rotary engine; Vehicles equipped with more than one ignition coil; and Vehicles equipped with a closed-loop (computer controlled) carburetion system.

This Executive Order may be listed as:
  • C.A.R.B.E.O. D-137
  • Executive Order 137 / D137
  • ARB # D-137
  • Executive Order No: D-137
  • C.A.R.B. No. D-137
  • Resolution D-137
For Free CARB Executive Order Status verification, email an image of the device Executive Order label as well as the Year/Make/Model and Test Group # of the vehicle to [email protected]

Download: Executive Order D-137 PDF

D-137 Document:

CARB_D-137

(Page 1 of 2) State of California AIR RESCOURCES BOARD EXECUTIVE ORDER D—137 Relat1ng to Exemptions under Section 27156 of the Vehicle Code CARTER AUTOMOTIVE DIVISION ACF INDUSTRIES INCORPORATED "ENGINE KNOCK ELIMINATOR® Pursuant to the authority vested in the Air Resources Board by Section 27156 of the Vehicle Code; and Pursuant to the authority vested in the undersigned by Sections 3%515 and 39516 of the Health and Safety Code and Executive Order G—45—5; IT IS ORDERED AND RESOLVED: That the installation of the "Engine Knock Eliminator" manufactured by Carter Automotive Diviston, ACF Industries Incorporated, of 9666 Olive Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, has been found not to reduce the effectiveness of required motor vehicle po17ut1on control devices and, therefore, is exempt from the prohibitions of Section 27156 of the Vehicle Code for 1983 and older model—year gas011ne—powered _: motor veh1c]es, excluding the following: 1. General Motors Corporation vehicles with an "odd—firing" V6 231 — _CID engine; _ 2. Vehicles powered by a rotary engine; 3. Vehicles equipped with more than one ignition coil; and 4. YVehicles equipped with a closed—¥00p {computer controlled) carburetion system. This Executive Order is valid provided that installation instructions for this device will not recommend tuning the vehicle to specifications different from those submitted by the device manufacturer. Changes made to the design or operating conditions of the device, as _ exempted by the Air Resources Board, that adversely affect the performance of a vehicle‘s pollution control system shall invalidate this Executive Order. Marketing of this device using an identification other than that shown in this Executive Order or marketing of this device for an application other than those listed in this Executive Order shall be prohibited unless prior approval is obtained from the Air Resources Board. Exemption of a kit shall not be construed as an exemption to sell, offer for sale, or advertise any component of a kit as an individual device.

CARTER AUTOMOTIVE DIVISION EXECUTIVE ORDER D—137 ACF INDUSTRIES INCOPPORATED _ (Page 2 of 2) "ENGINE KNOCK ELIMINATOR" This Executive Order does not constitute any opinion as to the effect that the use of this device may have on any warranty either expressed or implied by the vehicle manufacturer. THIS EXECUTIVE ORDER DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A CERTIFICATION, ACCREDITATION, APPROVAL, OR ANY OTHER TYPE OF ENDORSEMENT BY THE AIR RESOURCES BOARD OF ANY CLAIMS OF THE APPLICANT CONCERNING ANTI—POLLUTION BENEFITS OR ANY ALLEGED BENEFITS OF THE "ENGINE KNOCK ELIMINATOR". No claim of any kind, such as "Approved by Air Resources Board" may be made with respect to the action taken herein in any advertising or other oral or written communication. Section 17500 of the Business and Professions Code makes untrue or misleading advertising unlawful, and Section 17534 makes violation punishable as a misdemeanor. Section'43644 of the HeaTth and Safety Code provides as follows: "43644. (a) No person shall install, sell, offer for sale, or advertise, or, except in an application to the state board for certification of a device, represent, any device as a motor vehicle pollution control device for use on any used motor vehicle unless that device has been certified by the state board.. No person shall sell, offer for sale, advertise, or represent any motor vehicle poliution . control device as a certified device which, in fact, is not a certified device. Any violation of this subdivision is a misdemeanor." Any apparent violation of the conditions of this Executive Order will be submitted to the Attorney General of California for such act1on as he deens advisable. Executed at E1 Monte, California, th]S day of October, 1983. fi//{/ KD. Drachand Chief Mobifle Source D1V1s1on

State of California AIR RESOURCES BOARD EVALUATION OF CARTER AUTOMOTIVE DIVISION‘S "ENGINE KNOCK ELIMINATOR" FOR EXEMPTION FROM THE PROHIBITIONS IN VEKHICLE CODE SECTION 27156 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 2222, TITLE 13, OF THE CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE October 17, 1983

Date of Issue: October 17, 1983 EVALUATION OF CARTER AUTOMOTIVE DIVISION‘S "ENGINE KNOCK ELIMINATOR" FOR EXEMPTION FROM THE PROHIBITIONS IN VEKHICLE CODE SECTION 27156 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 2222, TITLE 13, OF THE CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE by Mobile Source Division State of California Air Resources Board 9528 Telstar Avenue E1 Monte, CA 91731 {This report has been reviewed by the staff of the California Air Resources Board and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Air Resources Board, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.)

SUMMARY Carter Automotive Division {CAD) of ACF Industries, Incorporated, has applied for an exemption from the prohibitions in California Vehicle Code Section 27156. They have requested that their "Engine Knock Eliminator" (EKE) device be exempted for 1983 and older model—year gasoline—powered motor vehicles, excluding the following: 1. General Motors Corporation vehicles with an "odd—firing" V6 231 CID engine; 2. Vehicles powered by a rotary engine; and 3. Vehicles equipped with more than an ignition coil. 4. Vehicles equipped with closed—loop (computer controlled) carburetion systems. Based on the following: 1. The comparative exhaust emission tests performed and submitted by CAD; and 2. The staff‘s engingering evaluation of the device the staff concludes that the EKE will not have an adverse effect on exhaust emissions from vehicles for which exemption is recommended to be granted. The staff recommends that CAD be granted an exemption for 1983 and older model—year gasoline—powered motor vehicles, excluding the following: 1. General Motors Corporation vehicles with an "odd—firing" yY6 231 CID engine; 2. Vehicles powered by a rotary engine;

3. Vehicles equipped with more than one ignition coifl; and 4. Vehicles equipped with closed—loop ({computer controlled) carburetion systems. The staff recommends that exemption application for vehicles equipped with closed—loop (computer controlled) carburetion systems be denied until CAD can demonstrate compliance with the requiréments for the exemption for these vehicles. No evidence has been shown to demonstrate that the device will not have an adverse effect on these vehicles, knowing that these vehicles‘ ignition systems are controlled by computers. The staff also recommends that Executive Order D—137 be issued. ym i1

CONTENTS Page Number SUMMARY | i conTEnts i1 1. INTRODNCTION | 1 II. CONCLUSION 1 III. RECOMMENDATIONS N IV. DEVICE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION on V. EVALUATION OA VI. DISCUSSION m APPENDICES G SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS _ o TEST VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS 0 TEST RESULTS w

EVALUATION OF CARTER AUTOMOTIVE DIVISION‘S "ENGINE KNOCK ELIMINATOR" FOR EXEMPTION FROM THE PROHIBITIONS IN VEKICLE CODE SECTION 27156 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 2222, TITLE 13, OF THE CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE. 1. INTRODUCTION Carter Automotive Division of ACF Industries, Incorporated, 9666 Olive Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63132, has applied for an exemption from the prohibitions in California Vehicle Code Section 27156. The applicant has requested that their "Engine Knock Eliminator" be exempted for 1983 and older model—year gasoline—powered motor vehicles, excluding the following: 1. General Motors Corporation vehicles with an "odd—firing" V6 231 CID engine; 2. Vehicles powered by a rotary engine; and 3. Vehicles equipped with more than one ignition coil. 4. Vehicles equipped with closed—loop (computer controlled) carburetion systems. CAD has submitted data of comparative hot start CVS—72 (1—bag) emission tests performed at their own test facility. Their tests were performed on several 49—state certified vehicles ranging in model—years and engine sizes. II. CONCLUSION Based on: (1) the comparative exhaust emission tests performed and submitted by CAD, even though they were from 49—state certified vehicles using the hot start CVS—72 procedures; and (2) the staff‘s engineering

evaluation of the device, the staff concludes that the EKE will not have an adverse effect on exhaust emissions from vehicles for which exemption is recommended to be granted. III. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the above conclusion, the staff recommends that Carter Automotive Division be granted an exemption from the prohibitions in Vehicle Code Section 27156 for their EKE device for installation on 1983 and older model—year gasoline—powered motor vehicles, excluding the foTToWing: 1. General Motors Corporation vehicles with an "odd—firing" V6 231 CID engine; 2. Vehicles powered by a rotary engine; 3. Vehicles equipped with more than one ignition coil; and 4. Yehicles equipped with cTosed-]oop (computer controlled) carburetion systems. a999~. The staff also recommends that Executive Order D—137 be issued. IV. DEVICE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION The EKE is an add—on device which senses engine detonation and electronically retards ignition timing to eliminate detonation. The major components of the EKE are a detonation sensor and an electronic control unit. The components are packaged with installation hardware and instructions and sold as a kit. The detonation sensor has a 3/8" standard threaded stud designed to be bolted directly to any existing vacant 3/8"—16 threaded hole in the intake manifold or cylinder head where there is no interference with DJ

throttle or choke mechanisms. The sensor senses engine vibration and generates an electrical signal to the electronic control unit. The knock sensor consists of an amplifier and a discriminator. The amplifier amplifies the intensity of the vibration for signal generation; whereas, the discriminator will discrete engine noise/vibration interference from engine detonation, thus, generating a voltage signal only under engine detonation conditions. The electronic control unit is a transistorized module which interprets voltage signals from the knock sensor (during detonation) to retard ignition timing until detonation is eliminated. Once detonation is ceased, the ignition timing is slowly returned to OEM specification. The amount of retard is proportional to the strength and frequency of the engine knock. Although the maximum retard is about 15 degrees, the actual amount of retard is only enough to eliminate engine knock. CAD technicians claim that the retard control response (time required to retard timing by 15 degrees) is 0.5 seconds, and advance control response {time required to forward ignition timing to OEM specifications, up to 15 degrees) is 3.8 seconds. Ignition retardation is accomplished through the control unit by delaying the termination of current to the ignition coil and, thus, the ignition timing. The control unit contains a four—, six—, and eight—cylinder rotating selector to accommodate all engine sizes.

Schematic diagrams showing EKE connection to standard breaker point or solid state ignition. General Motors Corporation, Chrysler and Ford electronic ignition systems are shown in the Appendices. V. EVALUATION CAD submitted data of comparative (without and with the device installed on test vehicles) hot start CYVS—72 (T—bag) emission tests. Their tests were perfdrmed at their own test faci]ity.using 49—state certified vehicles. A TlTist of the test vehicles and a summary of the test results are shown in the Appendices. VI. DISCUSSION CAD‘s comparative data shown in the Appendices indicate that their EKE device did not have an adverse effect on exhaust emissions from the vehicles tested. The vehicles tested were 49—state certified, rather than California—certified as required by the procedures, and contained breakerless electronic ignition systems. Since the principle and theory of operation of the ignition systems in 49—state and California—certified vehicles are similar, the staff accepted CAD‘s data for the evaluation of the device. Based on an engineering evaluation of the designed operation of the device {retarding ignition timing during detonation only), the staff concludes that the EKE will also have no adverse effect on exhaust emission from vehicles equipped with breaker point type ignition system. Cneaie

No comparative data was submitted by CAD on the effects of the EKE device on vehicles equipped with closed—loop feedback {computer controlled) systems. The staff cannot conclude that the EKE will or will not alter the designed operation of the vehicle‘s ignition system and adversely affect exhaust emissions, which is controlled by the computer. Until such time as CAD submits data to demonstrate that the EKE will not have an adverse effect on exhaust emissions from vehicles equipped with feedback systems, the staff recommends that exemption application for these vehicles be denied. The staff is concerned about the effects of the ignition timing retardation by the EKE device may have on the vehicle‘s catalytic converter. The device is designed to retard ignition timing thus delaying the combustion process, only when detonation occurs. Since (1) the device returns the timing to OEM parameters within 2.8 seconds after detonation is suppressed, its operation will not cause significant increase in exhaust gas temperature which may affect the efficiency and durabi]ify of the catalytic converter and/or its substrate; (2) a previously evaluated and exempted add—on turbocharger kit which included this device did not show any break—down or overheating of the catalytic converter; and (3) CAD‘s research and development tests did not show any break—down or overheating of catalytic converter, the staff is of the opinion that the EKE device will not cause any problems for the catalytic converter due to some increase in exhaust gas temperature as a result of retard in timing when the device is functioning.

APPENDICES

CONNECTION OF THE EKE DEVICE IGNITION + RED m park suua r DaAAK on n2oBLV * A12% on RED WHITE BLACKIYELLOW To t .(:EJNDIT‘IL:(" on .". ta _to coi. "N.o;’l 7 $ 10.WIRE * CoNNECTOR SLACKIYELLOW sPLC Bkslfi:ffl&?'m C"alde C000 ‘??fi’ ;‘g vu!LLAL(:: : g, ..i aumll ) C "®! oank stus ..k".}.‘}'é{., P snont wheseL q o onive venicuss DeToNAtiOn e DAIVER S1OE—ERONT sENsOR unper Hoop ~ PF_.Z j J j § arouno ELECTRONIC _CONTROL UnitT STANDARD BREAKER POINT Y7 # OR SOLID STATE lIa@nNiTiOon CHRYSLER ELECTRONIC lanition romp MOopuLe fyya@" h 24 a + ReD petonation e *IF TWO RED WIAES sanson ThE RED THAT GOES TO THEARE FOUND UsE B.. *RED OR BLACK = $y "~$ . —~¥ TWO PIN CONNECTOR WITH GREEN STRiP aMm HELNGNITion .B '5571.inedil ‘ra Up firxe HIL—-—-—-—---—-———- BLU® ns 6L +12v beToNAtion "lim w / f Bic® 6T tenow itc ‘w L S VeJ souce GrREEN y¥ white . 2]_ 26 finK SENSOR 0 m © kess i cut i " — 10 Colke., CUT, 0 Y R / BROWN f@® BLACK uc 4 [f anouno . _._SPHG6e sRown BLAcK ’ / GRounp surctronmic T AzR») .4:?—' CONTROL unit / ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT + FORD ELECTRONIC IGNiTION GM HIGH ENERGY ianition

DESCRIPTION OF TEST VEKHICLES |es EVALUATION OF CARTER AUTOMOTIVE DIVISION "ENGINE KNOCK ELIMINATOR" Veh #1 Veh #2 Veh #3 Veh #4 Model—Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 Make VoTkswagen Ford Pontiac Ford Mode1 Rabbit F—100 P—U Grand Prix Monarch Engine Size 1-4’ ].7‘. 1—6, 300 CID V8, 305 CID _I—6, 250 CID ECS OC OC OC OC Ignition System Bosch Dura—Spark H.E.1. Dura—Spark electronic electronic electronic breakerless breakerless breakerless breakerless OC: Oxidation Catalyst

CAD‘s Emission Test Data Evaluation of CAD‘s "Engine Knock Eliminator" Hot Start CVS—72 Fuel Exhaust Emissions (g/mi) Economy Vehicle Test Mode HC CO_ NOx (mpg) #1 Baseline 3 .54 5.4 1.6 23.9 Device 2 .99 5.7 1.6 23 .8 #2 Baseli??(]) 0.51 3.8 2.0 18.1 Device! 1 0.49 3.4 1.9 18.0 #3 BaselTine(U) 0.57 3.3 3.0 17.9 Device 0.47 2.5 2 .8 17.8 #4 BaseTine(1 0.38 2.5 1.2 17.5 Device 0.34 2.0 1. 1 17.3 (1): Averaged value of three tests. ces


Document Created: 2005-09-01 12:14:41
Document Modified: 2005-09-01 12:14:41

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