Approval Details

Valid E.O.

Validity

This Executive Order approved the specified parts on on September 28, 1979.
As of Monday, January 20th, 2025 this Executive Order has not been overturned or superceeded.

Approved Parts

ModelsModification
1979 and older vehicles, EXCEPT: (1) 1977-1979 Chrysler and Porsche, (2) Chrysler lean burn, (3) Feedback systems vehicles, (4) Three-way catalyst vehiclesRetard timing 50% on pre-75 vehicles requiring premium fuel

This Executive Order may be listed as:
  • C.A.R.B.E.O. D-93
  • Executive Order 93 / D93
  • ARB # D-93
  • Executive Order No: D-93
  • C.A.R.B. No. D-93
  • Resolution D-93
For Free CARB Executive Order Status verification, email an image of the device Executive Order label as well as the Year/Make/Model and Test Group # of the vehicle to [email protected]

Download: Executive Order D-93 PDF

D-93 Document:

CARB_D-93

(Page 1 of 2) State of California AIR RESOURCES BOARD EXECUTIVE ORDER D—93 Relating to Exemptions under Section 27156 ' of the Vehicle Code AUTOMOTIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. "SCOVER ENERGY SYSTEM" Pursuant to the authority vested in the Air Resources Board by Section 27156 of the Vehicle Code; and Pursuant to the aufhority vested in the undersigned by Sections 39515 and 39516 of the Health and Safety Code and Executive Order @—45—5; IT IS ORDERED AND RESOLVED: That the installation of the Scover Energy System manufactured by Automotive Energy Systems, Inc. of 4827 N. Sepulveda Bivd., Suite 410, Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 has been found to not reduce the effectiveness of required motor vehicle pollution control devices and, therefore, is exempt from the prohibitions of Section 27156 of the Vehicle Code for 1979 and older gasoline powered vehicles except 1977—1979 Chrysier and Porsche vehicles, and engines equipped with the Chrysler lTean burn system, feedback controls, or three—way catalysts. This Executive Order is valid provided that installation instructions for this device will not recommend tuning the vehicle to specifications different from those submitted by the device manufacturer. Changes made to the design or operating conditions of the device, as exempted by the Air Resources Board, that adversely affect the per— formance of a vehicle‘s pollution contro] system sha11 invalidate this Executive Order. Market1ng of this device using an identification other than that shown in this Executive Order or marketing of this device for an application other than those Tisted in this Executive Order shall be prohibited unless prior approval is obtained from the Air Resources Board. Exemption of a kit shall not be construed as an exemption to sell, offer for sale or advertise any components of the kit as individual devices. This Executive Order does not constitute any opinion as to the effect that the use of this device may have on any warranty either expressed or implied by the vehicle manufacturer. THIS EXECUTIVE ORDER DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A CERTIFICATION, ACCREDITATION, APPROVAL, OR ANY OTHER TYPE OF ENDORSEMENT BY THE AIR RESQOURCES BOARD OF ANY CLAIMS OF THE APPLICANT CONCERNING ANTI—POLLUTION BENEFITS OR ANY ALLEGED BENEFITS OF THE "SCOVER ENERGY SYSTEM".

AUTOMOTIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. | EXECUTIVE ORDER D—93 "SCOVER ENERGY SYSTEM" (Page 2 of 2) No claim of any kind, such as "Approved by Air Resources Board" may be made with respect to the action taken herein in any advertising or other oral or written communication. Section 17500 of the Business and Professions Code makes untrue or mis— leading advertising unlawful, and Section 17534 makes violation punishable as a misdemeanor. Section 43644 of the Health and Safety Code provides as follows: "43644. (a) No person shall install, sell, offer for sale, or advertise, or, except in an application to the state board for certification of a device, represent, any device as a motor vehicle pollution control device for use on any used motor vehicle unless that device has been certified by the state board. No person shall sell, offer for sale, advertise, or represent any motor vehicle pollution control device as a certified device which, in fact, is not a certified device. Any violation of this subdivision is a misdemeanor." j Any apparent violation of the conditions of this Executive Order will be submitted to the Attorney General. of California for such action as he deems advisable. Executed at El Monte, California, this 23& day of September, 1979. . D. Drachand, Acting Chief ~ Mobile Source Control Division

State of California AIR RESOURCES BOARD September 27, 1979 Staff Report Evaluation of the Automotive Energy Systems, Inc. "Scover Energy System" in Accordance with Section 2222, Title 13 of the California Administrative Code Introduction Automotive Energy Systems, Inc. of 4827 N. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 410, Sherman Oaks, California 91403 has submitted an application for exemption of the Scover Energy System from the prohibitions of Section 27156 of the California Yehicle Code. II. System Description The Scover System is an exhaust gas recirculation device consisting of a reed valve mounted on the exhaust manifold and a flexible metal hose from the valve to a fitting on the air cleaner. Ekhaust gas is metered through the valve and enters the clean side of the air cleaner above the carburetor inlet. When the exhaust manifold is in a condition of negative gage pressure, the direction of flow is reversed and clean air is pulled into the exhaust manifold.

Timing is specified at OEM setting except on pre—1975.vehicles requiring premium fuel where retard of 50% of the OEM value is recommended. The applicant represents the device as recirculating approximately 1% of the total exhaust flow on vehicles with OEM EGR valves and 6% of the total flow on vehicles without EGR valves. III. Applicants Submittal A. Operating Principles According to the applicant, the Scover Energy System performs three major functions: exhaust gas recirculation, fresh air backflow to the exhaust manifold and cylinders, and high frequency oscillation of the intake air/fuel mixture. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation is to enrich the intake air/fuel mixture allowing adjustment of the carburetor and timing for increased fuel economy. The exhaust gas re— circulation also preheats the mixture for better cold engine performance and increases engine life. The applicant also states that fresh air drawn into the exhaust manifold during the valve overlap period will scayenge residual exhaust gas in the cylinders and cause leaning of the air/fuel ratio to increase fuel ecornomy in certain operating modes. This fresh air return also serves to relieve vacuum in the cylinders caused by deceleration.

High frequency sound wave oscillations from exhaust gas pulses passing through small holes in the valve are conducted to the carburetor inlet where AES, Inc. believes they increase turbulence to aid in air/fuel vaporization and mixing. These oscillations are intended to improve burning characteristics and increase fuel economy. Benefit Claims Automotive Energy Systems, Inc. claims that the Scover Energy System will: 1) increase fuel economy 2) reduce emissions 3) reduce engine wear 4) reduce oil conéumption and carbon build—up 5) allow use of regular grade fuel in vehicles that require premium grade 6) increase performance 7) allow better hot and cold starts Testing Automotive Energy Systems, Inc. submitted data as shown in Table I. The net percent changes from baseline are shown in parentheses.

Table 1 — Applicant‘s Emission Test Results HC cCO NOx FE Vehicle Test g/mi g/mi g/mi mi/gal 1978 Honda Baseline—cold CVS—II 0.53 5.03 1.43 26.23 Civic CVCC, Device—cold CVS—II 0.60 5.19 1.62 25 .36 91 CID (13%) (3%) (12%) (—3.3%) 1979 Chevrolet Baseline—cold CVS—II 0. 55 1.93 1.13 15.54 305 CID Device—cold CVS—1I 0.60 2.72 1.06 15. 34 (9%) (41%) (—6%) (—1%) 1979 Cheyrolet Baseline HFET 0.04 0.0 1.43 21 .48 305 CID Device HFET 0. 04 0.0 1.38 21 .37 (0%) (0%) (—3%) (—1%) 1968 Ford, Baseline—cold CVS—II 3.06 23.19 4.59 14.69 289 CID Device—cold CVS—I1 3.08 23.19 3.70 14.87 {(0%) (0%) (—19%) (1%) 1968 Ford Baseline HFET 1.69 6.44 6.00 20.31 289 CID Device (4 holes) HFET* 1.71 7.07 5.26 20. 62 (1%) {10%) {(—12%) (2%) Device (6 holes) HFET 1.80 8.14 4.68 20.83 (7%) (26%) (—22%) (3%) Additional data was presented on an Audi and a Buick using the Japanese 10—mode exhaust emissions test, and a 1972 Ford Mustang using the CVS—II. The Audi and Buick are considered unacceptable test vehicles because their odometer mileage (1450 and 237 mfles respectively) indicates that they may not be stabilized with respect to emfssions and fuel economy. The Mustang was tested with a defective carburetor, and is also considered unsuitable as a test vehicle. *The Scoyer yalye is obtainable in various metering configurations to accommodate different engine sizes. The number of holes in the orifice plate controls the metering. A four hole plate is the proper size for a 289. CID engine.

IV. Air Resources Board Testing The Air Resources Board (ARB) conducted a confirmatory test on a 1974 Chevrolet Vega with a 140 CID, 4 cylinder engine. The base— lTine tests were performed with the vehicie adjusted to vehicle manufacturer‘s specifications. The device was installed according to the device manufacturer‘s instructions, except that timing was retarded as for a vehicle using premium grade fuel. The Vega was designed for regular grade fuel, and the test results given in Appendix II are therefore not used in the evaluation. A retest was conducted on the same car at the correct (OEM) timing setting. The results of the retest are presented below in Table 2. Table 2 — ARB Emission Test Results HC CO NOx FE Vehfcle Test g/mi g/mi g/mi mi/gal 1974 Chey Baseline — cold CVS—II 2.46 13.44 1.97 20.8 Vega, 140 CID Device — cold CVS—II 2.01 13.98 1.85 20.6 —18% 4% —6% —1% 1974 Chev Baseline — HFET 1.04 3.07 7.60 26.7 Vega, 140 CID Device — HFET 1.09 3.33 1.47 27.6 5% ~8% =—8% 3% A filter was used on a hot start CVS—75 test to trap particulates and measure possible carburetor contamination. The filter accumulated 0.006 grams of particulates during the hot—start CVS—75 cycle, or approximately 0.0005 grams per mile with a total exhaust flow through the valve of 4.354 standard cubic feet (SCF) or approximately 0.392 SCF/mt.

Discussion Evaluation of the emission data in table 1 shows a borderline (10—15%) tendency to increase emissions in the test vehicles. The 1979 Chevrolet shows a 41% increase in CO. No significant increase in fuel economy is evident from any of the tests. The exhaust carries approximately 0.0005 grams of particulates per mile for the test vehicle. This was measured by installing a fiberglass filter in the Scover valve line and weighing the filter before and after a hot—start CVS—II. The amount of particulates is insignificant in this case, but could conceivably cause problems in vehicies which have Scover valves with higher rates of exhaust _ gas recirculation to the air cieaner or poor engine condition. OEM exhaust gas recirculation is a nominal 9—10 standard cubic feet per minute {SCFM) compared to. 4—5 SCF for the entire CVS—II cycle ‘through the Scover valve (approk. 31 minutes). The amount of Scover recirculation in this vehicle is a small percentage of the OEM recirculation except that the Scover valve operates in all engine modes while an OEM valve does not. Adding inert exhaust gas to carburetor inlet air has the effect of causing enrichment of the air/fuel mixture which can only be slightly compensated for by adjusting idle mixture screws. If the exhaust gas recirculatton is 15rge enough to reduce NOx then it could also be expected to decrease fuel economy and increase HC

and CO. The HC and CO effects of enrichment might be offset if the cylinders are scavenged as the applicant describes, but then the NOx could be expected to increase because the residual exhaust gases in the cylinders which act to lower NOx are removed. Under the conditions stated in an Executive Order, the AES, Inc. may not clatm reduced emissions. Other claims such as increased fue? economy and performance have not been substantiated. Some, claims appear to be contradictory. For instance, timing retard and exhaust gas recirculation are known to reduce fuel economy and performance in most cases. VI. ‘Recommendation The staff recommends that the Executive Officer exempt the Scover Energy System from the prohibitions of VC 27156 as no significant increase in emissions can. be documented.

nc guuovelr pnergy systeMm must Lo anstuiled in a yertjeal fosition on the exhaust manifold. (See illustrations.) 1} Locate a suitable position on the exhau: manifold. Preferably, near where two exhaust ports join together and where the Scover Energy System can be mounted in a yvertical position. Note: In some cases it may be necessary to drill the manifold hole at a nonvertical position, then use adapter ({included in package) in order to correctly mount the Scove Energy System in a vertical positi T‘YPICAL V—8 OR v—6 SsCovER STALLATIO 5 OLLEY . has . Jh%fifiL‘hfl N_USING LLEW OR 2) Aftcor locating correct position, drill R1GHT EXHAUST vE WHICHEVER MANIFOLD, 5T CONVENIENT IS MOST ENIENT . a hole using a 7/16using 3 exhaust manifold, drill . bit in the grease as a lubricant to catch filings. Tap the hole deep, using a 1/4 — 1% NPT tapered tap. Start engine, part throttle, to bl out any remaining filings from manifold area. ‘Turn engine off. 3) Turn the lock nut to its top position on the male thread of the Scover unit. when adapters are being used, install the adaptcr into the manifold making sure it is tight. Install Scover unit into adapter and/or manifold hand tight. Tighten lock nut to secure Scover unit to adapter and/or manifold. TPYPICAL 4 and/or 6 CYLINDER sCOVER INSTALLATION TOP MANLITZOLD INSTALLATION SIDE MANIFOLD INSTALLATION 2)

4) Determinc the correct position on the: clean air side of the air filter housing Note: The clean air side is defined as being a position after the air has passed through the air filter cleaning element and is entering the carburetor. If it is imposs— 4) ible to correctly install the tubi: to the top side of the air filter Clean Alr Side housing due to insufficient hood clearance between the housing and the hood, the connection should be made to the underside of the housing. If doubtful about the hood clearence, a check should be made by placing a lump of putty on the housing and closing the hood. AIR CLEANER Then measure the clearance availab. Drill a 7/16" hole at the selected position in the housing. Tighten the tubing into place using lock nut that is provided on the connector. Air Filter Connector — The lock nut on the inside of the air cleaner housing must be secured from any possibility of working loose. Now the engine must be started and run until it has attained normal operating temperature. Then, adjust to manufacturer‘s spocifications. Note: All enginc timing must remain set at manufacturer‘s specifications with the exception listed below. 6) Engines manufactured prior to 1975 which require premium fuel can use regular fuel with the Scover Energy System by retarding timing 50% of value, i.e., manufacturer‘s specification 6° BTDC, set timing with Scover Energy System to 3° BTDC. Attach timing instruction label adjacent to the vehicle man— ufacturer‘s tune—up label in engine compartment.


Document Created: 2005-09-01 12:40:40
Document Modified: 2005-09-01 12:40:40

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